Elementary Level: Simple Addition (Up to 20)
Mid Level: Factors and Multiples
High Level: Unit Rates and Speed

Elementary Level (Kinder to Grade 2)

Subject: Simple Addition (Up to 20)

Alignment with Standards:

✔ CCSS.MATH.CONTENT.1.OA.C.5: Relate counting to addition and subtraction.
✔ CCSS.MATH.CONTENT.1.OA.C.6: Add within 20, demonstrating fluency for sums up to 10.

Objective:

Children will be able to solve addition problems with sums up to 20 using various strategies.

Materials:

✅ Counting manipulatives (blocks, beads, buttons, etc.)
✅ Number line
✅ Addition flashcards
✅ Whiteboard and markers
✅ Printable addition worksheets

Lesson Activities

1️⃣ Warm-Up: Counting Practice (5-7 minutes)

• Have children count aloud from 1 to 20.
• Use a number line to reinforce the counting sequence.

2️⃣ Hands-On Learning: Addition with Manipulatives (10 minutes)

• Give children small objects (beads, blocks) and ask them to group and count to find sums (e.g., “You have 3 beads. If I give you 2 more, how many do you have now?”).
• Encourage them to verbalize their thinking: “Three and two make five!”

3️⃣ Addition Stories (10 minutes)

• Create real-life addition scenarios (e.g., “I have 4 apples, and you give me 3 more. How many apples do I have in total?”).
• Let children act out and solve the problems.

4️⃣ Flashcard Fun (5-7 minutes)

• Show children flashcards with simple addition equations and ask them to solve.
• Provide positive reinforcement for quick and correct responses.

5️⃣ Worksheet Practice (10 minutes)

• Give children an addition worksheet with equations like:
  • 3 + 2 = __
  • 6 + 4 = __
  • 9 + 5 = __
• Encourage them to use drawings, fingers, or a number line if needed.

Assessment:

✔️ Observe how children solve addition problems using manipulatives.
✔️ Check their worksheet for accuracy.
✔️ Conduct a quick verbal quiz by asking them to solve an equation aloud.

Extension Activities:

🎲 Dice Addition Game – Roll two dice and add the numbers together.
🎵 Sing an Addition Song – Make a simple tune to reinforce number combinations.

Mid Level (Grade 3 to 5)

Subject: Factors and Multiples

Alignment with Standards:

Common Core State Standards (CCSS):

• CCSS.MATH.CONTENT.4.OA.B.4: Find all factor pairs for a whole number up to 100. Determine whether a given whole number is a multiple of a given one-digit number.

Objective:

By the end of this lesson, children will be able to:

• Identify factors and multiples of numbers up to 100.
• Use factor trees to find prime factorization.
• Apply knowledge of factors and multiples in real-life problem-solving.

Materials Needed:

• Number chart (1-100)
• Index cards with numbers (1-50)
• Factor tree worksheet
• Colored pencils or markers
• Small counters or manipulatives
• Printable quiz on factors and multiples

Lesson Activities

1. Introduction (10 minutes) – Understanding Factors & Multiples

• Ask: What do we know about multiplication and division?
• Define factors (numbers that divide another number exactly) and multiples (products of a number and whole numbers).
• Provide examples:
  • Factors of 12: 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 12
  • Multiples of 5: 5, 10, 15, 20, 25…

2. Hands-On Activity (15 minutes) – Factor Tree Game

• Explain prime factorization and factor trees (e.g., 36 → 2 × 2 × 3 × 3).
• Provide a Factor Tree Worksheet where children break down numbers into prime factors.
• Discuss results and correct any mistakes.

3. Multiple Skip-Counting (15 minutes) – Finding LCM

• Explain Least Common Multiple (LCM) with an example:
  • LCM of 6 & 8 → List multiples: (6, 12, 18, 24…) and (8, 16, 24…) → LCM = 24.
• Have children skip-count to find LCM for different number pairs.
• Use manipulatives or number lines for visual learners.

4. Factor-Multiple Quiz (10 minutes)

• Children complete a short quiz identifying factors, multiples, and GCF/LCM.
• Sample questions:
  1. List all factors of 28.
  2. Find the first five multiples of 9.
  3. What is the GCF of 18 and 24?
  4. Find the LCM of 7 and 5.

Conclusion & Reflection (5 minutes)

• Recap key points: What is the difference between factors and multiples?
• Have children explain a real-life example where factors/multiples are useful (e.g., baking, event planning).

Assessment & Extension Activities

• Exit Ticket: Write a number between 1-100 and list its factors and first three multiples.
• Extension: Research and present how factors and multiples are used in cryptography or computer science.

High Level (Grade 6 to 8)

Subject: Unit Rates and Speed

Alignment with Standards:

Common Core State Standards (CCSS):

• CCSS.MATH.CONTENT.7.RP.A.1: Compute unit rates, including those with fractions.
• CCSS.MATH.CONTENT.7.RP.A.2: Recognize and represent proportional relationships between quantities.

Objective:

By the end of this lesson, children will be able to:

• Understand and calculate unit rates (e.g., miles per hour, cost per item).
• Solve real-world problems involving speed, distance, and time.
• Apply unit rates to shopping, travel, and other scenarios.

Materials Needed:

• Calculator
• Speed-distance-time triangle chart
• Grocery store ads (for shopping unit rate activity)
• Printable word problem worksheet
• Stopwatch and measuring tape (optional for hands-on speed experiment)

Lesson Activities

1. Introduction (10 minutes) – What is a Unit Rate?

• Ask: What does “per” mean in daily life? (e.g., miles per gallon, dollars per hour)
• Define unit rate as a ratio comparing one quantity to 1 unit of another quantity.
• Provide examples:
  • A car travels 120 miles in 3 hours → 120 ÷ 3 = 40 miles per hour
  • A 6-pack of soda costs $3 → $3 ÷ 6 = $0.50 per can

2. Activity 1: Speed and Distance Problems (15 minutes)

• Introduce the Speed-Distance-Time Triangle:
  • Speed = Distance ÷ Time
  • Distance = Speed × Time
  • Time = Distance ÷ Speed
• Provide word problems:
  1. A cyclist travels 24 miles in 2 hours. What is the speed?
  2. A train moves at 60 mph for 3 hours. How far does it go?
  3. If a runner moves at 8 mph and runs 32 miles, how long did it take?
• Solve together, then have children try on their own.

3. Activity 2: Grocery Store Math – Best Deals (15 minutes)

• Provide grocery ads or create mock prices for common items.
• Have children find the unit price for different items. Example:
  • A 12 oz box of cereal costs $4.80. What is the price per ounce?
  • A 24-pack of water bottles costs $6. What is the price per bottle?
• Discuss how unit rates help in smart shopping choices.

4. Hands-On Experiment (Optional, 15 minutes) – Measuring Speed

• Use a stopwatch and a measured distance (e.g., 10 meters).
• Have children time how long it takes to walk/run the distance.
• Calculate their speed in meters per second.
• Compare different speeds (e.g., walking vs. jogging).

Assessment & Reflection (10 minutes)

• Exit Ticket: Write a word problem involving unit rates and solve it.
• Discussion: Where do we use unit rates in real life? (Gas prices, cooking recipes, salaries, travel speed).
• Quiz: Short quiz with unit rate problems, including speed, shopping, and distance scenarios.

Extension Activities

• Research how unit rates are used in sports (batting averages, sprinting speeds).
• Compare unit prices of products from different stores online.
• Create a road trip plan using real-world speed and distance calculations.