Lesson 36 covers:

• Elementary Level: Digraphs (sh, ch, th, wh)
• Mid Level: Pronouns (Subject, Object, Possessive)
• High Level: Pronouns (Types and Agreement)

Elementary Level (Kinder to Grade 2)

Subject: Digraphs (sh, ch, th, wh)

Alignment with Standards:

• CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.RF.1.3.A: Know the spelling-sound correspondences for common consonant digraphs.
• CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.RF.1.3.B: Decode regularly spelled one-syllable words.
• CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.RF.1.2.D: Segment spoken single-syllable words into their complete sequence of individual sounds.

Lesson Objectives

By the end of the lesson, the student will be able to:

1. Identify the digraphs sh, ch, th, wh in spoken and written words.
2. Read and match words containing these digraphs.
3. Produce the correct sound for each digraph in isolation and within words.

Materials Needed

• Printed digraph flashcards (sh, ch, th, wh)
• Word cards with digraph words (e.g., ship, chat, thin, whip)
• Whiteboard & markers (or paper and crayons)
• Picture cards for matching (e.g., shoe, cheese, thumb, whale)
• A short digraph story or poem (optional)
• Digital sound game (optional, e.g., Starfall or ABCmouse)

Lesson Activities

1. Introduction (10 minutes)

Objective: Introduce digraphs and their sounds.

• Show the digraph flashcards (sh, ch, th, wh) and say each sound.
• Explain that two letters work together to make one sound.
• Demonstrate with examples:
  • sh like in shoe
  • ch like in chair
  • th like in thumb (voiced and unvoiced)
  • wh like in whale
• Have the student repeat each sound and example word.

2. Sound Game: “Digraph Hunt” (10 minutes)

Objective: Recognize digraph sounds in spoken words.

• Say a word aloud (e.g., fish, chop, math, when).
• The student listens and holds up the correct digraph flashcard.
• For extra fun, hide word cards around the room and have the student “hunt” for them, then sort by digraph.

3. Word Matching Activity (15 minutes)

Objective: Match digraph words to pictures.

• Lay out picture cards (e.g., sheep, cheese, bath, wheel).
• Give the student word cards and have them match them to the correct picture.
• Encourage them to read the word aloud and emphasize the digraph sound.

4. Writing Practice (10 minutes)

Objective: Reinforce digraph recognition through writing.

• On a whiteboard or paper, write a digraph (e.g., sh) and have the student write 2-3 words that start/end with it.
• Example:
  • sh → ship, fish, shell
  • ch → chip, lunch, chair

5. Wrap-Up & Review (5 minutes)

• Ask the student to name one word for each digraph.
• Read a short digraph poem or story (optional).
• Praise effort and correct any mistakes gently.

Assessment/Evaluation

• Informal Observation: Does the student correctly identify digraphs in words?
• Activity Completion: Can they match words to pictures accurately?
• Sound Production: Do they pronounce digraphs correctly?

Extension Activities (Optional)

• Digraph Bingo: Create a bingo card with digraph words.
• Digital Game: Use Starfall’s digraph section for interactive practice.
• Read Aloud: Choose a book highlighting digraphs (e.g., “Sheep in a Jeep” by Nancy Shaw).

Mid Level (Grade 3 to 5)

Subject: Pronouns (Subject, Object, Possessive)

Alignment with Standards:

• CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.L.4.1.A: Use relative pronouns (who, whose, whom, which, that) and relative adverbs (where, when, why).
• CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.L.4.1: Demonstrate command of the conventions of standard English grammar and usage when writing or speaking.
• CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.L.4.3.A: Choose words and phrases to convey ideas precisely.

Lesson Objectives

By the end of the lesson, the student will be able to:

1. Define and identify subject, object, and possessive pronouns in sentences.
2. Distinguish between different types of pronouns and their correct usage.
3. Rewrite sentences by replacing nouns with appropriate pronouns.

Materials Needed

• Whiteboard & markers (or chart paper)
• Printed pronoun anchor chart (reference sheet)
• Sentence strips with underlined nouns for rewriting
• Pronoun sorting cards (subject, object, possessive)
• Short paragraph for pronoun editing practice
• Digital quiz/game (optional, e.g., Kahoot or Quizlet)

Lesson Activities

1. Introduction (10 minutes)

Objective: Introduce pronouns and their types.

• Define pronouns (words that replace nouns to avoid repetition).
• Present the three types with examples:

• Example Sentences:
  • Subject: She loves to read.
  • Object: Mom gave her a book.
  • Possessive: The book is hers.

2. Pronoun Sorting Game (10 minutes)

Objective: Classify pronouns into subject, object, and possessive.

• Prepare cards with pronouns (e.g., we, them, yours, he).
• Have the student sort them into three categories.
• Discuss any tricky ones (e.g., its vs. it’s).

3. Sentence Rewriting Activity (15 minutes)

Objective: Replace nouns with correct pronouns.

• Provide sentences with underlined nouns (e.g., “John gave Sarah a gift.” → “He gave her a gift.”).
• Gradually increase difficulty (e.g., “The dog’s collar is blue.” → “Its collar is blue.”).

4. Editing Practice (10 minutes)

Objective: Apply pronouns in context.

• Give a short paragraph with repeated nouns (e.g., “Emma and Jake went to Emma and Jake’s grandma’s house.”).
• Have the student revise it using pronouns (“They went to their grandma’s house.”).

5. Wrap-Up & Review (5 minutes)

• Ask the student to:
  • Name 2 subject, object, and possessive pronouns.
  • Correct a sentence with pronoun errors (e.g., “Me and him went to the park.” → “He and I went…”).
• Optional: Play a quick online pronoun quiz (e.g., BBC Bitesize).

Assessment/Evaluation

• Informal Observation: Does the student correctly identify and use pronouns in activities?
• Written Work: Accuracy in rewriting sentences and editing paragraphs.
• Verbal Response: Can they explain the difference between pronoun types?

Extension Activities (Optional)

• Pronoun Story: Write a short story using all three pronoun types.
• Pronoun Hunt: Identify pronouns in a favorite book.
• Memory Game: Match noun phrases to their pronouns (e.g., “the boy’s bike” → “his bike”).

High Level (Grade 6 to 8)

Subject: Pronouns (Types and Agreement)

Alignment with Standards:

Common Core State Standards (CCSS) Alignment:

• CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.L.7.1: Demonstrate command of the conventions of standard English grammar and usage when writing or speaking.
• CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.L.7.1.A: Explain the function of phrases and clauses in general and their function in specific sentences.
• CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.L.7.1.C: Place phrases and clauses within a sentence, recognizing and correcting misplaced and dangling modifiers.
• CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.L.7.3.A: Choose language that expresses ideas precisely and concisely, recognizing and eliminating wordiness and redundancy.

Lesson Objectives

By the end of the lesson, the student will be able to:

1. Identify and classify different types of pronouns (personal, possessive, reflexive, intensive, demonstrative, interrogative, relative, indefinite).
2. Apply correct pronoun-antecedent agreement in number, gender, and person.
3. Revise sentences to fix common pronoun errors (vague antecedents, agreement issues).

Materials Needed

• Whiteboard & markers (or digital equivalent)
• Printed pronoun reference chart (types and examples)
• Sentence strips with pronoun errors for correction
• Short passage for editing practice
• Online quiz/game (optional, e.g., Quizizz or NoRedInk)
• Highlighters (for identifying pronouns in text)

Lesson Activities

1. Introduction (10 minutes)

Objective: Review pronoun types and functions.

• Define pronoun (a word that replaces a noun to avoid repetition).
• Present 8 types of pronouns with examples:

2. Pronoun Identification & Sorting (15 minutes)

Objective: Classify pronouns in context.

• Provide a mixed list of sentences (e.g., “She taught herself Spanish.” → Personal + Reflexive).
• Have the student highlight and label each pronoun type.
• Challenge: Identify antecedents (the nouns pronouns replace).

3. Pronoun-Antecedent Agreement Practice (15 minutes)

Objective: Ensure pronouns match their antecedents in number/gender.

• Explain agreement rules:
  • Singular antecedent → Singular pronoun (“Each student must bring his or her book.”).
  • Plural antecedent → Plural pronoun (“The team celebrated their win.”).
• Fix errors in sentences (e.g., “Everybody brought their lunch.” → “Everybody brought his or her lunch.”).

4. Editing & Revision Activity (15 minutes)

Objective: Apply skills to real writing.

• Provide a paragraph with vague pronouns (“When Sarah and Emma went shopping, she bought a dress.” → Who is she?).
• Have the student revise for clarity and agreement.

5. Wrap-Up & Assessment (5 minutes)

• Exit Ticket: Write 2 sentences:
  1. Use a relative pronoun correctly.
  2. Fix a pronoun agreement error (“Neither of the boys finished their homework.” → “his”).
• Optional Quiz: Use Khan Academy’s pronoun exercises for extra practice.

Assessment/Evaluation

• Accuracy: Correctly identifies and uses pronouns in activities.
• Application: Revises sentences with proper agreement and clarity.
• Verbal Explanation: Can articulate why a pronoun is correct/incorrect.

Extension Activities (Optional)

• Pronoun Debate: Discuss singular they (e.g., “Someone left their bag.” – Is this acceptable?).
• Creative Writing: Write a story using at least 5 pronoun types.
• Pronoun Hunt: Analyze pronouns in a news article or book chapter.